Winter presents unique challenges for the skin. As temperatures drop and humidity plummets, the air pulls moisture away from the skin, leaving it dry, flaky, and prone to irritation. For those with preexisting skin conditions like eczema, acne, or psoriasis, winter can aggravate symptoms, making proper care critical. While general advice such as applying moisturisers and avoiding hot showers is helpful, winter skincare demands a more thoughtful and tailored approach that considers age, lifestyle and skin health.
The colder months affect skin health primarily through dehydration. The skin’s natural barrier, which retains moisture and protects against environmental irritants, becomes compromised. This breakdown can lead to conditions such as redness, cracks, and increased sensitivity, paving the way for infections or exacerbation of chronic issues. Understanding these mechanisms is key to building a sustainable and effective routine that ensures skin health throughout the season.
Flare-up alert
For individuals with dry skin, winter can be especially harsh. The skin becomes tight, uncomfortable, and more prone to cracking. A consistent routine focusing on hydration is essential. Products containing humectants, such as glycerin and hyaluronic acid, help draw water into the skin, while emollients like shea butter create a barrier to prevent moisture loss. It is crucial to apply these products immediately after washing oneself, when the skin is slightly damp, to maximise absorption. Gentle cleansing is another cornerstone of care; avoiding harsh soaps in favour of creamy, fragrance-free cleansers minimises additional damage to the skin’s protective barrier.
People living with eczema often find winter to be the season of flare-ups. The condition, characterised by red, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin, thrives on the dryness brought about by cold weather. Managing eczema involves a proactive strategy to prevent flare-ups. Thick, occlusive moisturisers should be applied liberally and often, especially after bathing or washing hands. Triggers, such as wool fabrics or heavily fragranced products, should be avoided, and protective measures like wearing gloves when cleaning or going outdoors can significantly reduce irritation.
Psoriasis and acne
For those living with psoriasis, winter often brings worsening symptoms as cold air and low humidity dry out the skin, leading to increased flaking and irritation. Managing psoriasis during the colder months involves prioritising hydration and protecting the skin barrier. Rich, ointment-based moisturisers should be applied generously, especially after bathing, to lock in moisture and prevent scaling. Protective clothing like long sleeves can shield affected areas from the cold, but breathable fabrics such as cotton should be word to minimise irritation. Additionally, maintaining a consistent skincare routine and consulting a dermatologist to adjust treatments, if necessary, can help keep flare-ups under control during the season.
Contrary to popular belief, acne doesn’t disappear in winter. In fact, the season can worsen breakouts for many. Dry skin often signals the sebaceous glands to overproduce oil, leading to clogged pores and inflammation. Balancing hydration without clogging pores is key for managing winter acne. Lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturisers which do not clog the pores, keep the skin hydrated without aggravating breakouts, while gentle cleansers maintain the skin’s pH balance. Acne treatments containing salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide should be used sparingly in winter, as they can increase dryness. Pairing these treatments with a hydrating layer ensures the skin doesn’t become overly sensitised.
Winter skincare also varies with age. For children, whose skin is more sensitive and prone to irritation, care should focus on protection and gentle hydration. Short, lukewarm baths followed by the application of thick creams or ointments help maintain moisture. Lips, often neglected, are especially vulnerable in children, so a safe, pediatric-friendly balm is essential.
For teenagers, navigating skin changes driven by puberty can be particularly challenging in winter. The focus should remain on simplicity—gentle cleansing, adequate hydration, and sun protection. While many teens may overuse acne products in an attempt to curb breakouts, this approach can backfire in winter. Instead, they should prioritise hydration alongside their treatments to maintain balance.
Winter and ageing
For adults in their 20s to 40s, winter is an ideal time to prevent early signs of ageing and tackle specific concerns like pigmentation or dryness. Hydrating serums containing hyaluronic acid or niacinamide, layered under a rich moisturiser, help the skin retain elasticity and glow. Sunscreen remains a non-negotiable part of the routine, as UV rays penetrate clouds and contribute to skin damage even in the coldest months.
For older adults, thinner, less resilient skin requires richer, more occlusive products. Ointments or balms provide long-lasting hydration and protect against water loss. Extra care for hands and feet is critical, as these areas are prone to cracks in winter, increasing the risk of infections. Products with urea or lactic acid can help soften rough patches, while socks provide additional protection and lock in moisture.
Hydration from within
Beyond condition- or age-specific strategies, certain universal practices can support skin health for everyone. Hydration from within plays an often-overlooked role. Despite reduced thirst in colder months, drinking adequate water ensures the body’s tissues, including the skin, remain hydrated. A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids from sources like walnuts, flaxseeds, and fish also strengthens the skin barrier, improving its ability to retain moisture. Incorporating humidifiers into living spaces is another practical step to counteract the drying effects of indoor heating.
Lastly, while winter might seem like a time to relax sunscreen use, UV protection is as essential as ever. Even cloudy skies do not completely block ultraviolet radiation. A broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 applied daily protects against long-term damage.
Winter skincare is not about expensive products or elaborate routines. It is about understanding how the skin reacts to environmental stressors and addressing those needs in a practical, accessible way. By adopting a tailored approach that considers specific conditions and age-related concerns, it’s possible to enjoy healthy, resilient skin throughout the season.
(Dr. Monisha Madhumita is a consultant dermatologist at Saveetha Medical College, Chennai and member of the International Alliance for Global Health Dermatology, London, UK. mail.monisha.m@gmail.com )
Published – December 06, 2024 06:45 pm IST
